Journal
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Volume 367, Issue 1596, Pages 1733-1745Publisher
ROYAL SOC
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0019
Keywords
climate change; conservation; global warming; marine biology; physiology; transcriptomics
Categories
Funding
- U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [ANT-0944201, OCE-1040960, IOS-1021536]
- University of California, Ocean Acidification: a Training and Research Consortium
- Direct For Biological Sciences [1021536] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Directorate For Geosciences [1041229, 944201] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Integrative Organismal Systems [1021536] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Ocean Sciences [1041229] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Ocean Sciences
- Directorate For Geosciences [1041240, 1220338] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Ocean Sciences
- Directorate For Geosciences [1220412] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Office of Polar Programs (OPP) [944201] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Anthropogenic stressors, such as climate change, are driving fundamental shifts in the abiotic characteristics of marine ecosystems. As the environmental aspects of our world's oceans deviate from evolved norms, of major concern is whether extant marine species possess the capacity to cope with such rapid change. In what many scientists consider the post-genomic era, tools that exploit the availability of DNA sequence information are being increasingly recognized as relevant to questions surrounding ocean change and marine conservation. In this review, we highlight the application of high-throughput gene-expression profiling, primarily transcriptomics, to the field of marine conservation physiology. Through the use of case studies, we illustrate how gene expression can be used to standardize metrics of sub-lethal stress, track organism condition in natural environments and bypass phylogenetic barriers that hinder the application of other physiological techniques to conservation. When coupled with fine-scale monitoring of environmental variables, gene-expression profiling provides a powerful approach to conservation capable of informing diverse issues related to ocean change, from coral bleaching to the spread of invasive species. Integrating novel approaches capable of improving existing conservation strategies, including gene-expression profiling, will be critical to ensuring the ecological and economic health of the global ocean.
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