Journal
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Volume 364, Issue 1516, Pages 489-496Publisher
ROYAL SOC
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2008.0266
Keywords
camouflage; disruptive coloration; crypsis; animal coloration; defensive coloration
Categories
Funding
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, UK
- Nuffield Undergraduate Bursary
- BBSRC [BB/E02100X/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/E02100X/1] Funding Source: researchfish
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Even if an animal matches its surroundings perfectly in colour and texture, any mismatch between the spatial phase of its pattern and that of the background, or shadow created by its three-dimensional relief, is potentially revealing. Nevertheless, for camouflage to be fully broken, the shape must be recognizable. Disruptive coloration acts against object recognition by the use of high-contrast internal colour boundaries to break up shape and form. As well as the general outline, characteristic features such as eyes and limbs must also be concealed; this can be achieved by having the colour patterns on different, but adjacent, body parts aligned to match each other (i.e. in phase). Such 'coincident disruptive coloration' ensures that there is no phase disjunction where body parts meet, and causes different sections of the body to blend perceptually. We tested this theory using field experiments with predation by wild birds on artificial moth-like targets, whose wings and (edible pastry) bodies had colour patterns that were variously coincident or not. We also carried out an experiment with humans searching for analogous targets on a computer screen. Both experiments show that coincident disruptive coloration is an effective mechanism for concealing an otherwise revealing body form.
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