Journal
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
Volume 369, Issue 1948, Pages 3175-3197Publisher
ROYAL SOC
DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2010.0336
Keywords
spin torque; spin-orbit coupling; Rashba effect; Dresselhaus effect; spintronics
Categories
Funding
- European Research Council [StG 203239-NOMAD]
- Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion [ERANet EUI2008-03884, MAT2010-15659]
- Catalan Agencia de Gestio d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca [2009 SGR 695]
- ICREA Funding Source: Custom
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The ability to reverse the magnetization of nanomagnets by current injection has attracted increased attention ever since the spin-transfer torque mechanism was predicted in 1996. In this paper, we review the basic theoretical and experimental arguments supporting a novel current-induced spin torque mechanism taking place in ferromagnetic (FM) materials. This effect, hereafter named spin-orbit (SO) torque, is produced by the flow of an electric current in a crystalline structure lacking inversion symmetry, which transfers orbital angular momentum from the lattice to the spin system owing to the combined action of SO and exchange coupling. SO torques are found to be prominent in both FM metal and semiconducting systems, allowing for great flexibility in adjusting their orientation and magnitude by proper material engineering. Further directions of research in this field are briefly outlined.
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