Journal
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
Volume 369, Issue 1942, Pages 1840-1856Publisher
ROYAL SOC
DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2010.0348
Keywords
electrodeposition; photovoltaics; solar cells; sustainability; thin film
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Funding
- UK Engineering and Physical Science Research Council
- University of Bath
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/F029624/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- EPSRC [EP/F029624/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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The opportunities for photovoltaic (PV) solar energy conversion are reviewed in the context of projected world energy demands for the twenty-first century. Conventional single-crystal silicon solar cells are facing increasingly strong competition from thin-film solar cells based primarily on polycrystalline absorber materials, such as cadmium telluride (CdTe) and copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS). However, if PVs are to make a significant contribution to satisfy global energy requirements, issues of sustainability and cost will need to be addressed with increased urgency. There is a clear need to expand the range of materials and processes that is available for thin-film solar cell manufacture, placing particular emphasis on low-energy processing and sustainable non-toxic raw materials. The potential of new materials is exemplified by copper zinc tin sulphide, which is emerging as a viable alternative to the more toxic CdTe and the more expensive CIGS absorber materials.
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