Journal
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
Volume 369, Issue 1950, Pages 3510-3524Publisher
ROYAL SOC
DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2011.0143
Keywords
spaser; gain; amplification; nanoplasmonics; metamaterials
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Funding
- Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, US Department of Energy
- US-Israel Binational Science Foundation
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We present a theory of the effective dielectric response of metamaterials containing gain. We demonstrate analytically that the conditions of spaser generation and the full loss compensation in a dense resonant plasmonic-gain metamaterial are identical. Consequently, attempting the full compensation or overcompensation of losses by gain will lead to an instability and a transition to a spaser state. This will limit (clamp) the inversion and eliminate the net gain. As a result, the full loss compensation (overcompensation) in such metamaterials is impossible. The criterion of the loss overcompensation, leading to the instability and spasing, is given in an analytical and a universal (independent from system geometry) form. Comparison with existing experiments is carried out.
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