Model update and real-time steering of tunnel boring machines using simulation-based meta models

A method for the simulation supported steering of the mechanized tunneling process in real time during construction is proposed. To enable real-time predictions of tunneling induced surface settlements, meta models trained a priori from a comprehensive process-oriented computational simulation model for mechanized tunneling for a certain project section of interest are introduced. For the generation of the meta models, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are employed in conjunction with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for the model update according to monitoring data obtained during construction and for the optimization of machine parameters to keep surface settlements below a given tolerance. To provide a rich data base for the training of the meta model, the finite element simulation model for tunneling is integrated within an automatic data generator for setting up, running and postprocessing the numerical simulations for a prescribed range of parameters. Using the PSO-ANN for the inverse analysis, i.e. identification of model parameters according to monitoring results obtained during tunnel advance, allows the update of the model to the actual geological conditions in real time. The same ANN in conjunction with the PSO is also used for the determination of optimal steering parameters based on target values for settlements in the forthcoming excavation steps. The paper shows the performance of the proposed simulation-based model update and computational steering procedure by means of a prototype application to a straight tunnel advance in a non-homogeneous soil with two soil layers separated by an inclined boundary. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.