Journal
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
Volume 47, Issue -, Pages 73-80Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.tust.2014.11.008
Keywords
Tunnel face stabilisation; Soft ground; Optimising reinforcement parameters; Finite difference analysis
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51408540]
- National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China [51325901]
- State Key Program of National Natural Science of China [51338009]
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2013M540494]
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Although face bolting has been used as a stabilisation technique in open-face tunnelling for decades, there is still a lack of systematic ways for determining the optimum parameters of face bolts. To optimise design for face bolting in soft ground, it is necessary to understand the influences of each parameter associated with face bolting on ground response. In this note, five series of numerical parametric studies are carried out, to investigate the effects of length, density, reinforcement area, axial rigidity of face bolts and strength of soil on tunnel face stability and deformation in soft rock. Based on the ground condition, geometries of tunnel and configurations of face bolts simulated, the optimum length, density and axial rigidity of face bolts are found to be 0.6H (H = height of tunnel), 1 bolt/m(2) and 195 MN, respectively. The optimum axial rigidity of face bolt appears to be independent of the bolt density. The computed results also reveal that it is more effective to reduce face deformation by installing face bolts around the tunnel periphery, than installing them near the central area of the tunnel face. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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