Journal
PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR
Volume 102, Issue 1, Pages 124-132Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2012.03.031
Keywords
Cocaine; CPP; Novelty-seeking; Adolescence; Mice
Funding
- Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad
- Direccion General de Investigacion [PSI2011-24762]
- Instituto de Salud 'Carlos III' (FIS)
- RETICS
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos [RD06/001/0016]
- Generalitat Valenciana
- Conselleria de Educacion [PROMETEO/2009/072]
- University of Valencia, Spain [UV-INV-AE112-65550]
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Novelty-seeking in rodents, defined as enhanced specific exploration of novel situations, is considered to predict the response of animals to drugs of abuse and, thus, identify drug-vulnerable individuals. The main objective of this work was to determine the capacity of two animal models-the novel object recognition task and the novel environment test-for evaluating to what extent novelty-seeking can predict greater sensitivity to the rewarding properties of cocaine in young adult (PND 56) and adolescent (PND 35) OF1 mice of both sexes. Conditioned place preference, a useful tool for evaluating the sensitivity of individuals to the incentive properties of addictive drugs, was induced with a sub-threshold dose of cocaine (1 mg/kg, i.p.). Three factors that predispose individuals to addiction were considered: age, sex and novelty-seeking trait. CPP was detected only in the young adults that spent most time exploring the novel environment (High Novel Environment Seekers, High-Environment-NS). The novel environment test seemed to be more effective than the novel object recognition task in identifying young adults vulnerable to drugs; specifically, it revealed a distinction between High- and Low-Environment-NS mice that predicted greater sensitivity to the rewarding properties of cocaine among young adults but not among adolescents. Although our results reveal a higher novelty preference among young adult females than among their male counterparts in the two NS tests, both sexes showed similar susceptibility to the rewarding effects of a sub-threshold dose of cocaine in the CPP. These findings suggest that screening can identify humans at-risk of becoming drug users, and may contribute to the development of prevention strategies based on specific vulnerabilities. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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