Journal
PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR
Volume 92, Issue 1, Pages 51-59Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2008.10.010
Keywords
Nicotine withdrawal; Sex differences; Female; Male; Adult; Environment; Estrous; Locomotor activity; Sprague-Dawley
Funding
- USUHS-DoD [RO72GQ]
Ask authors/readers for more resources
Nicotine withdrawal may differ between men and women but clinical reports are inconsistent. Two experiments were conducted to examine behavioral effects of nicotine withdrawal in male and female adult rats in dwimly-lit and brightly-lit environments. Ninety-six Sprague-Dawley male and female rats received 7 days continuous subcutaneous infusion via ALZET osmotic minipumps filled with saline or 3.16 mg/kg/day nicotine hydrogen tartrate expressed as base. Behavioral observations were made before, during, and after drug administration. During observations, occurrences of empty-mouth-chewing. whole-body-shakes, abnormal grooming, abnormal posture/movement. diarrhea, ptosis, eyeblinks, and any other abnormal behaviors were counted. Cessation of nicotine administration upon pump removal caused a significant increase in withdrawal behaviors in males and females in both environments. In the dimly-lit environment, females showed more withdrawal behavior than males; there was no sex difference in the brightly-lit environment. Males that had received nicotine displayed more withdrawal behavior in the brightly-lit environment than in the dimly-lit environment, while females that had received nicotine displayed similar amounts of withdrawal behavior in both environments. Behavioral symptoms of withdrawal may be more affected by the environment in male rats than in female rats. These experiments are the first to compare nicotine withdrawal in adult male and female rats. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available