Journal
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
Volume 128, Issue 1, Pages 119-128Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.06.003
Keywords
ACE2; Amino acid transporter; Acute respiratory distress syndrome; Collectrin; Renin-angiotensin system; SARS
Categories
Funding
- KAKEN
- Japan Heart Foundation
- Kato Nambyo Foundation
- Mishima Kaiun Foundation
- Takeda Foundation
- Uehara Foundation
- IMBA
- Austrian Ministry of Science and Education
- Advanced ERC
- EuGeneHeart
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Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2 is a homolog to the carboxypeptidase ACE, which generates angiotensin II, the main active peptide of renin-angiotensin system (RAS). After the cloning of ACE2 in 2000, three major ACE2 functions have been described so far. First ACE2 has emerged as a potent negative regulator of the RAS counterbalancing the multiple functions of ACE. By targeting angiotensin II ACE2 exhibits a protective role in the cardiovascular system and many other organs. Second ACE2 was identified as an essential receptor for the SARS coronavirus that causes severe acute lung failure. Downregulation of ACE2 strongly contributes to the pathogenesis of severe lung failure. Third, both ACE2 and its homologue Collectrin can associate with amino acid transporters and play essential role in the absorption of amino acids in the kidney and gut. In this review, we will discuss the multiple biological functions of ACE2. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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