Thymidylate synthase haplotype is associated with tumor recurrence in stage II and stage III colon cancer

a major problem in the management of colon cancer therapy. Identifying molecular markers for tumor recurrence is critical for successfully selecting patients who are more likely to benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. We analyzed the value of thymidylate synthase (TS) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphisms as a prognostic marker in stage II and stage III colon cancer patients treated with 5-fluorouracilbased adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods Between 1987 and 2007, blood samples were obtained from 197 patients with stage II or stage III colon cancer at medical facilities at the University of Southern California. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood, and the genotypes were analyzed using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. Results Patients harboring the TS 3RG/ + 6-bp haplotype were at greatest risk to develop tumor recurrence [relative risk (RR): 2.25; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04 - 4.85; adjusted P value=0.0321. TS enhancer region 3RG alone (RR: 3.48 years; 95% CI: 1.61 - 754; adjusted P value=0.013) or in combination with TS 1494del6bp (RR: 3.41 years; 95% CI: 1.33 - 8.75; adjusted P value= 0.044) proved to be adverse prognostic markers in both univariate and multivariable analysis. Conclusion 'High-expression' variants of TS 2R/3R repeat, TS enhancer region 3R G/C, TS 1494del6 bp, and TS haplotype analysis might help to identify stage II and stage III colon cancer patients who are at great risk of developing tumor recurrence, and also those who are more likely to benefit from 5-fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Larger, independent, prospective studies are, however, needed to confirm and validate our preliminary findings.