Journal
PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY
Volume 23, Issue 9, Pages 891-901Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/pds.3674
Keywords
frailty; prediction; administrative claims database; pharmacoepidemiology
Funding
- Charles A. King Trust Postdoctoral Fellowship award from the Medical Foundation, a division of Health Resources in Action
- KL2 Medical Research Investigator Training award from the Harvard Catalyst
- Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center
- National Center for Research Resources
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health [1KL2 TR001100-01]
- Food and Drug Administration
- Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
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Purpose Geriatric frailty is a common syndrome of older adults that is characterized by increased vulnerability to adverse health outcomes and influences treatment choice. Pharmacoepidemiologic studies that rely on administrative claims data in older adults are limited by confounding due to unmeasured frailty. A claims-based frailty score may be useful to minimize confounding by frailty in such databases. We provide an overview of definitions and measurement of frailty, evaluated the claims-based models of frailty in literature, and recommend ways to improve frailty adjustment in claims analysis. Methods We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE from inception to April 2014, without language restriction, to identify claims-based multivariable models that predicted frailty or its related outcome, disability. We critically appraised their approach, including population, predictor selection, outcome definition, and model performance. Results Of 152 reports, three models were identified. One model that predicted poor functional status using healthcare service claims in a representative sample of community-dwelling and institutionalized older adults showed an excellent discrimination (C statistic, 0.92). The other two models that predicted disability using either diagnosis codes or prescription claims alone in institutionalized or frail adults had limited generalizability and modest model performance. None of the models have been applied to reduce confounding bias in pharmacoepidemiologic studies of drug therapy. Conclusions We found little research conducted on development and application of a claims-based frailty index for confounding adjustment in pharmacoepidemiologic studies in older adults. More research is needed to advance this innovative, potentially useful approach by incorporating the expertise from aging research. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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