4.4 Review

Humanized animal exercise model for clinical implication

Journal

PFLUGERS ARCHIV-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 466, Issue 9, Pages 1673-1687

Publisher

SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1496-0

Keywords

Physical activity; Aerobic exercise; Anaerobic exercise; Animal exercise model

Categories

Funding

  1. National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)
  2. Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning of Korea [R13-2007-023-00000-0, 2011-0028925, 2012R1A2A1A03007595]
  3. Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology of Korea [2010-0020224]
  4. National Research Foundation of Korea [2011-0028925] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)

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Exercise and physical activity function as a patho-physiological process that can prevent, manage, and regulate numerous chronic conditions, including metabolic syndrome and age-related sarcopenia. Because of research ethics and technical difficulties in humans, exercise models using animals are requisite for the future development of exercise mimetics to treat such abnormalities. Moreover, the beneficial or adverse outcomes of a new regime or exercise intervention in the treatment of a specific condition should be tested prior to implementation in a clinical setting. In rodents, treadmill running (or swimming) and ladder climbing are widely used as aerobic and anaerobic exercise models, respectively. However, exercise models are not limited to these types. Indeed, there are no golden standard exercise modes or protocols for managing or improving health status since the types (aerobic vs. anaerobic), time (morning vs. evening), and duration (continuous vs. acute bouts) of exercise are the critical determinants for achieving expected beneficial effects. To provide insight into the understanding of exercise and exercise physiology, we have summarized current animal exercise models largely based on aerobic and anaerobic criteria. Additionally, specialized exercise models that have been developed for testing the effect of exercise on specific physiological conditions are presented. Finally, we provide suggestions and/or considerations for developing a new regime for an exercise model.

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