Journal
PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 102, Issue 2, Pages 153-159Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2011.12.007
Keywords
Musca domestica; Insecticide resistance; Deltamethrin; Dichlorvos; CYP6D1; Voltage sensitive sodium channel; Carboxylesterase; Acetylcholinesterase; China
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [30671383, 31172160]
- Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China [2008ZX10004-010]
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Insecticides have been extensively used for house fly control in China, with dichlorvos and deltamethrin being widely used. Knowledge about the current status of insecticide resistance and the underlying genetic changes is crucial for developing effective fly control strategies. The susceptibility to dichlorvos and deltamethrin, and the frequencies of genetic mutations involved in insecticide resistance were studied in five field populations of the house fly collected across China. Bioassay results show that flies exhibit 14- to 28-fold resistance to dichlorvos and 41- to 94-fold resistance to deltamethrin, indicating that dichlorvos and deltamethrin resistance are common in house fly populations in China. Molecular analysis reveals that flies from the five various locations carry resistance alleles at multiple loci and have diverse allelic types, different relative frequencies and combinations of each allele. Four non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (i.e. V260L, G342A/V, F407Y) in acetylcholinesterase (Ace) and two mutations (W251L/S) in a carboxylesterase (Md alpha E7) were commonly present in the field house flies. The Ll 014H rather than L10141, mutation in the voltage sensitive sodium channel gene (Vssc) was widely distributed in Chinese house flies. CYP6D1v1, which confers pyrethroid resistance, was found in all the five tested populations in China, although its frequency in house fly from Shandong province was very low. Our results suggest that resistance monitoring and management of house flies should be customized for a given location. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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