Inhibitory action of Cerrado plants against mammalian and insect α-amylases

A total of 185 hexanic, dichloromethanic, ethanolic and hydroethanolic extracts from 24 species of Cerrado plants, were tested against Zabrotes subfasciatus, Acanthoscelides obtectus, and human saliva alpha-amylases. Twelve crude extracts presented inhibition rates greater than 80% against digestive alpha-amylases of the insect pest Z. subfasciatus, at a concentration of 1 mg mL(-1). These extracts were also tested against A. obtectus and human saliva alpha-amylases to verify their affinity and specificity of action. The hydroethanolic Kielmeyera coriacea stem bark extract presented a strong inhibitory potential, with IC50 values of 110 mu g mL(-1) for Z. subfasciatus and 272.12 mu g mL(-1) for A. obtectus, in addition to a 97.09% reduction in enzyme activity of human saliva alpha-amylases at 125 mu g mL(-1). The hexanic Aspidosperma macrocarpon root wood extract totally inhibited the activity of Z. subfasciatus a-amylases, reduced the enzyme activity of A. obtectus by 14.69% at 1 mg mL(-1), but did not alter the activity of human saliva alpha-amylases, thus characterizing greater inhibition affinity and specificity. The results suggest that the application of plant extracts against insect alpha-amylases represent a promising biotechnological tool for development of new insect pest control strategies, with noticeable affinity and specificity of action against different target enzymes. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.