Journal
PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
Volume 70, Issue 6, Pages 905-914Publisher
JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
DOI: 10.1002/ps.3620
Keywords
sea lice (Lepeophtheirussalmonis; Caliguselongatus); P-glycoprotein; emamectin benzoate; drug resistance; Atlantic salmon (Salmosalar)
Categories
Funding
- Novartis Animal Health Ltd, Canada
- NSERC
- Springboard Atlantic, Northeast Nutrition and Cooke Aquaculture Ltd.
- Aquatic Animal Facilities
- Novartis Animal Health and Innovation PEI
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BACKGROUNDParasitic sea lice are a major challenge for salmon aquaculture. This is especially due to the recent development of resistance to emamectin benzoate (EMB) in the parasite. We investigated: (1) whether EMB treatment success in Grand Manan, Bay of Fundy, NB, Canada can be explained through EMB bioassay and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) mRNA expression studies; (2) if other populations of sea lice not under EMB selective pressure possess similar EMB sensitivity as Grand Manan sea lice populations; and (3) the heritability of EMB resistance in Lepeophtheirus salmonis. RESULTSEMB bioassay results indicated population, species, sex and temporal differences in EMB EC50 values. RT-qPCR analyses revealed population and sex differences in P-gp mRNA levels, correlating with the bioassay results. Laboratory-reared sea lice maintained their EMB sensitivity status up to the F3 generation. Caliguselongatus, collected from Grand Manan showed more than twofold lower EMB EC50 values compared with L.salmonis collected from the same site. Concurrent exposure to EMB and verapamil yielded no increase in C.elongatus sensitivity to the parasiticide. CONCLUSIONSea lice bioassay and P-gp mRNA studies can be used to track EMB resistance and sex differences in EMB sensitivity and P-gp mRNA levels exist in the parasite. (c) 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
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