Dental management of the female patient

Hormonal changes throughout the life cycle of women affect the therapeutic decision-making process of dentists. Recent research has provided an appreciation of how unique endocrine influences can affect oral, periodontal and peri-implant tissues. As endocrine status may modify periodontal and oral tissue responses to treatment, it is imperative that clinicians recognize, customize and appropriately alter periodontal therapy according to the specific hormonal stage of women.