Journal
PERCEPTION
Volume 42, Issue 7, Pages 693-715Publisher
SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
DOI: 10.1068/p7506
Keywords
infant; accommodation; convergence; development; binocular vision
Categories
Funding
- National Institute for Health Research [PDA/01/05/031] Funding Source: researchfish
- MRC [G0802809] Funding Source: UKRI
- Medical Research Council [G0802809] Funding Source: Medline
- Department of Health [PDA/01/05/031] Funding Source: Medline
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Accurate coordination of accommodation and convergence is necessary to view near objects and develop fine motor coordination. We used a remote haploscopic videorefraction paradigm to measure longitudinal changes in simultaneous ocular accommodation and vergence to targets at different depths, and to all combinations of blur, binocular disparity, and change-in-size ('proximity') cues. Infants were followed longitudinally and compared with older children and young adults, with the prediction that sensitivity to different cues would change during development. Mean infant responses to the most naturalistic condition were similar to those of adults from 6-7 weeks (accommodation) and 8-9 weeks (vergence). Proximity cues influenced responses most in infants of less than 14 weeks of age, but sensitivity declined thereafter. Between 12 and 28 weeks of age infants were equally responsive to all three cues, while in older children and adults manipulation of disparity resulted in the greatest changes in response. Despite rapid development of visual acuity (thus increasing availability of blur cues), responses to blur were stable throughout development. Our results suggest that, during much of infancy, vergence and accommodation responses are not dependent on the development of specific depth cues, but make use of any cues available to drive appropriate changes in response.
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