Journal
TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE
Volume 20, Issue 10, Pages 622-640Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON
DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2015.07.004
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health [R01 GM 63879, R01 HL107904, R01 HL109442]
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Chloroplasts are known to sustain life on earth by providing food, fuel, and oxygen through the process of photosynthesis. However, the chloroplast genome has also been smartly engineered to confer valuable agronomic traits and/or serve as bioreactors for the production of industrial enzymes, biopharmaceuticals, bioproducts, or vaccines. The recent breakthrough in hyperexpression of biopharmaceuticals in edible leaves has facilitated progression to clinical studies by major pharmaceutical companies. This review critically evaluates progress in developing new tools to enhance or simplify expression of targeted genes in chloroplasts. These tools hold the promise to further the development of novel fuels and products, enhance the photosynthetic process, and increase our understanding of retrograde signaling and cellular processes.
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