Journal
TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY
Volume 31, Issue 4, Pages 149-159Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2015.01.007
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Funding
- New Zealand Ministry for Business, Innovation, and Employment
- US NSF-NIH Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Diseases grant [EF1413925]
- Australian Research Council [DP110103069, LP110200240, DP120100811]
- US NSF-NIH Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Diseases grant
- Discovery Grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Division Of Environmental Biology [1413925] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Division Of Environmental Biology [1316549] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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We review the literature to distinguish reports of vertebrate wildlife disease emergence with sufficient evidence, enabling a robust assessment of emergence drivers. For potentially emerging agents that cannot be confirmed, sufficient data on prior absence (or a prior difference in disease dynamics) are frequently lacking. Improved surveillance, particularly for neglected host taxa, geographical regions and infectious agents, would enable more effective management should emergence occur. Exposure to domestic sources of infection and human-assisted exposure to wild sources were identified as the two main drivers of emergence across host taxa; the domestic source was primary for fish while the wild source was primary for other taxa. There was generally insufficient evidence for major roles of other hypothesized drivers of emergence.
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