Journal
TRENDS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE
Volume 21, Issue 4, Pages 256-268Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2015.01.004
Keywords
inhibitory synapse; GABA; synaptic adhesion; excitation-inhibition balance; synapse organizer
Funding
- Korean Healthcare Technology R&D Project, Ministry for Health and Welfare Affairs, Republic of Korea [A120590]
- Yonsei University Future-leading Research Initiative
- Basic Science Research Program through the National Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [NRF-2013R1A6A3A04061338]
- Brain Korea 21 (BK21) PLUS program
- BK21 PLUS program
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GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is the main neurotransmitter at inhibitory synapses in the mammalian brain. It is essential for maintaining the excitation and inhibition (E/I) ratio, whose imbalance underlies various brain diseases. Emerging information about inhibitory synapse organizers provides a novel molecular framework for understanding E/I balance at the synapse, circuit, and systems levels. This review highlights recent advances in deciphering these components of the inhibitory synapse and their roles in the development, transmission, and circuit properties of inhibitory synapses. We also discuss how their dysfunction may lead to a variety of brain disorders, suggesting new therapeutic strategies based on balancing the E/I ratio.
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