Journal
TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 23, Issue 2, Pages 91-98Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2014.10.009
Keywords
microbial rhodopsin; marine bacteria; retinal; ion pump; transport
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Funding
- KAKENHI grant from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports and Technology (MEXT)
- KAKENHI grant from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) of the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [26620005, 26115706, 26708001] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Microbial rhodopsins are the photoreceptive membrane proteins found in diverse microorganisms from within Archaea, Eubacteria, and eukaryotes. They have a heptahelical transmembrane structure that binds to an all-trans retinal chromophore. Since 2000, thousands of proteorhodopsins, genes of light-driven proton pump rhodopsins, have been identified from various species of marine bacteria. This suggests that they are used for the conversion of light into chemical energy, contributing to carbon circulation related to ATP synthesis in the ocean. Furthermore, novel types of rhodopsin (sodium and chloride pumps) have recently been discovered. Here, we review recent progress in our understanding of ion-transporting rhodopsins of marine bacteria, based mainly on biophysical and biochemical research.
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