Journal
TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 23, Issue 3, Pages 164-171Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2014.12.006
Keywords
Alphaproteobacteria; general stress response; ECF sigma factor; two-component system; response regulator; histidine kinase
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Funding
- Swiss National Science Foundation [310030B-152835, 31003A-153446]
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [310030B_152835, 31003A_153446] Funding Source: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF)
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The general stress response (GSR) is a widely conserved response that allows bacteria to cope with a multitude of stressful conditions. In the past years the PhyR-NepR-EdG cascade was identified as the core pathway regulating the GSR in Alphaproteobacteria, in which it also plays an important role in bacteria-host interactions. The regulatory system is composed of the extracytoplasmic function sigma factor sigma(EcfG), its anti-sigma factor NepR (for negative regulator of the PhyR response), and the anti-sigma factor antagonist PhyR (phyllosphere regulator). The three proteins function via a partner-switching mechanism that is triggered by PhyR phosphorylation, termed 'sigma factor mimicry'. This review will cover core features of the pathway, its physiological role, and summarize recent advances towards understanding of the partner-switching mechanism and of the two-component signaling pathways controlling the GSR.
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