Journal
TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 36, Issue 3, Pages 124-138Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2015.01.004
Keywords
interferons; interferon subtype; innate immunity; viruses; viral antagonism; vaccine adjuvants
Categories
Funding
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases National Research Service Award [DK095666]
- National Institutes of Health [AI091707]
- Greenberg Medical Research Institute
- Starr Foundation
- Ronald A. Shellow Memorial Fund
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Over half a century has passed since interferons (IFNs) were discovered and shown to inhibit virus infection in cultured cells. Since then, researchers have steadily brought to light the molecular details of IFN signaling, catalogued their pleiotropic effects on cells, and harnessed their therapeutic potential for a variety of maladies. While advances have been plentiful, several fundamental questions have yet to be answered and much complexity remains to be unraveled. We explore the current knowledge surrounding four main questions: are type I IFN subtypes differentially produced in response to distinct pathogens? How are IFN subtypes distinguished by cells? What are the mechanisms and consequences of viral antagonism? Lastly, how can the IFN response be harnessed to improve vaccine efficacy?
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