Journal
TRENDS IN GENETICS
Volume 31, Issue 3, Pages 164-173Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON
DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2015.01.003
Keywords
single molecule; chromosome organization; nucleoid-associated protein; structural maintenance of chromosomes; DNA bridging
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Funding
- National Science Foundation CAREER Award [MCB-1148818]
- Molecular Biophysics Training Grant, Harvard University, National Institutes of Health [NIGMS 5T32 GM008313]
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCES [T32GM008313] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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All organisms must dramatically compact their genomes to accommodate DNA within the cell. Bacteria use a set of DNA-binding proteins with low sequence specificity called nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs) to assist in chromosome condensation and organization. By bending or bridging DNA, NAPs also facilitate chromosome segregation and regulate gene expression. Over the past decade, emerging single-molecule and chromosome conformation capture techniques have investigated the molecular mechanisms by which NAPs remodel and organize the bacterial chromosome. In this review we describe how such approaches reveal the biochemical mechanisms of three NAPs that are believed to facilitate DNA bridging: histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), ParB, and structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC). These three proteins form qualitatively different DNA bridges, leading to varied effects on transcription and chromosome segregation.
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