Intestinal mitochondrial apoptotic signaling is activated during oxidative stress

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Mitochondria as a major source of intracellular ROS and apoptotic signaling during oxidative stress in NEC have not been investigated. We sought to determine: (1) the effects of oxidative stress on intestinal mitochondrial apoptotic signaling, and (2) the role of growth factors in this process. We used Swiss-Webster mice pups, and rat intestinal epithelial (RIE)-1, mitochondrial DNA-depleted RIE-1 cell line (RIE-1-rho A degrees) and human fetal intestinal epithelial cells (FHs74 Int) for our studies. H(2)O(2) induced apoptosis and ROS production. ROS-mediated activation of apoptotic signaling was significantly attenuated with mitochondrial silencing in RIE-1-rho A degrees cells. Growth factors, especially IGF-1, attenuated this response to H(2)O(2) in intestinal epithelial cells. Our findings suggest that mitochondria are a major source of intestinal apoptotic signaling during oxidative stress, and modulating mitochondrial apoptotic responses may help ameliorate the effects of NEC.