Journal
TRENDS IN BIOCHEMICAL SCIENCES
Volume 40, Issue 6, Pages 328-337Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON
DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2015.04.002
Keywords
ionotropic glutamate receptors; structural biology; pharmacology
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health [MH085926, GM105730]
- Stanley Institute of Cognitive Genornics
- Robertson Research Fund of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
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lonotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate excitatory neurotransmission crucial for brain development and function, including learning and memory formation. Recently a wealth of structural studies on iGluRs including AMPA receptors (AMPARs), kainate receptors, and NMDA receptors (NMDARs) became available. These studies showed structures of non-NMDARs including AMPAR and kainate receptor in various functional states, thereby providing the first visual sense of how non-NMDAR iGluRs may function in the context of homotetramers. Furthermore, they provided the first view of heterotetrameric NMDAR ion channels, and this illuminated the similarities with and differences from non-NMDARs, thus raising a mechanistic distinction between the two groups of iGluRs. We review mechanistic insights into iGluR functions gained through structural studies of multiple groups.
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