Journal
PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
Volume 32, Issue 9, Pages 956-961Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/INF.0b013e3182947cf8
Keywords
neonate; drug; pharmacokinetics; metronidazole; dried blood spots
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Funding
- US government from the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences [HHSN267200700051C, DHHS-1R18AE000028-01, T32GM086330]
- Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- Thrasher Research Foundation
- Astellas Pharma US
- AstraZeneca
- UCB Pharma
- CV Therapeutics Inc.
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Background: Limited pharmacokinetic (PK) data of metronidazole in premature infants have led to various dosing recommendations. Surrogate efficacy targets for metronidazole are ill-defined and therefore aimed to exceed minimum inhibitory concentration of organisms responsible for intra-abdominal infections. Methods: We evaluated the PK of metronidazole using plasma and dried blood spot samples from infants <= 32 weeks gestational age in an open-label, PK, multicenter (N = 3) study using population PK modeling (NONMEM). Monte Carlo simulations (N = 1000 virtual subjects) were used to evaluate the surrogate efficacy target. Metabolic ratios of parent and metabolite were calculated. Results: Twenty-four premature infants (111 plasma and 51 dried blood spot samples) were enrolled: median (range) gestational age at birth 25 (23-31) weeks, postnatal age 27 (1-82) days, postmenstrual age 31 (24-39) weeks and weight 740 (431-1466) g. Population clearance (L/h/kg) was 0.038 x (postmenstrual age/30)(2.45) and volume of distribution (L/kg) of 0.93. PK parameter estimates and precision were similar between plasma and dried blood spot samples. Metabolic ratios correlated with clearance. Conclusion: Simulations suggested the majority of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (>80%) would meet the surrogate efficacy target using postmenstrual age-based dosing.
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