Journal
PEDIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
Volume 60, Issue 1, Pages 49-+Publisher
W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2012.10.002
Keywords
Human milk composition; Breastfeeding; Infant nutrition; Pasteurization; Bioactive factors
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Funding
- Mead Johnson Nutrition, Inc.
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [P01 HD 13021]
- Mead Johnson Nutrition, Inc
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This article provides an overview of the composition of human milk, its variation, and its clinical relevance. The composition of human milk is the biological norm for infant nutrition. Human milk also contains many hundreds to thousands of distinct bioactive molecules that protect against infection and inflammation and contribute to immune maturation, organ development, and healthy microbial colonization. Some of these molecules (eg, lactoferrin) are being investigated as novel therapeutic agents. Human milk changes in composition from colostrum to late lactation, within feeds, by gestational age, diurnally, and between mothers. Feeding infants with expressed human milk is increasing.
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