Treatment-Refractory Multi-Lineage Autoimmune Cytopenia After Unrelated Cord Blood Transplantation: Remission After Combined Bortezomib and Vincristine Treatment

Autoimmune cytopenias (AC) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are associated with a dismal prognosis. We describe a 1-year-old female with multi-lineage AC occurring on day +43 after HSCT. Multi-agent treatment with high-dose prednisolone, intravenous immunoglobulins, cyclosporine A, mycophenolate mofetil, sirolimus, and rituximab was unsuccessful. Combined treatment with bortezomib and vincristine in addition to ongoing immunosuppressive therapy was started on day +414 with transfusion-independence after day +444. Immunosuppressants were tapered until day +638. On day +1,121 the patient remained in remission. Bortezomib with vincristine may be a promising treatment modality for refractory AC after HSCT that requires further study. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:2112-2114. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.