Infection With Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV) Among Children With Cancer in South Africa

Background In adults, HIV increases the risk of certain cancers known or thought, to have an underlying infectious etiology the impact on the risk of cancer in children is less clear Methods Here we report results of an on going study at four pediatric oncology centers in South Africa in which children diagnosed with cancer are tested routinely for HIV Odds ratios (OR) for the prevalence of various malignancies were calculated (with adjustment for age, sex and center) for the children infected with HIV using all children with cancer and non malignant conditions, but not infected with HIV as a comparison group Results Of 882 children with cancer 38 were HIV infected (for 12 the HIV status was unknown) HIV was associated with Kaposi sarcoma (all 10 cases were HIV infected P<0 001) and with Burkitt lymphoma (OR = 46 2 95% confidence interval (Cl) 16 4-130 3 13/33) For non Burkitt non Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), 2/39 were HIV infected (OR = 5 0 95% Cl 0 9-27 0) No other cancer type was significantly associated with HIV including lymphoid leukemias (OR = 0 4 95% Cl 0 04-2 9 1/172) Conclusions Only Kaposi sarcoma and Burkitt lymphoma were significantly associated with HIV infection although results for non Burkitt NHL were suggestive Notably we did not identify an association between infection with HIV and lymphoid leukemias for which an underlying infectious etiology has been suggested Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011,56 77-79 (C) 2010 Wiley Liss Inc