Journal
PATHOLOGY & ONCOLOGY RESEARCH
Volume 21, Issue 1, Pages 9-17Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s12253-014-9860-0
Keywords
T-cell; Amino acids; Cysteine; Glutamine; Phenylalanine; Tryptophan; Arginine; Immune response; Signaling; Immunomodulation; Avidity
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While proteins are critical for immunity, T-cells constitute a critical component of adaptive immunity by clearing cancerous cells among other abnormal cells. However, cancer cells exhibit a potential to escape T-cell control by employing mechanisms not completely delineated. Interesting work has investigated how certain amino acids affect the proliferation rate of T-cells as well as their effectiveness in clearing tumors. The role of amino acids cysteine, glutamine, phenylalanine, tryptophan and arginine in immunomodulation and particularly regarding T-cell proliferation and activation is discussed. The redox balance is reported to affect T-cell proliferation via modulation of cysteine availability. In addition antigen presenting cells (APCs), similar to myeloid cells determine the availability of amino acids in the extracellular microenvironment affecting T-cell proliferation and activation. A better mechanistic understanding of T-cell function modulation via amino acid signaling or metabolic properties may be helpful towards optimization of adaptive immunity with implications for cancer prognosis and treatment.
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