Apomorphine for the acute treatment of off episodes in Parkinson's disease

Many patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) experience motor complications, which negatively impact quality of life, despite optimized oral therapy. It is important for patients to have a treatment option that may provide rapid relief from off episodes. In three pivotal, randomized, placebo-con trolled trials, subcutaneous apomorphine was effective in acutely treating off episodes, significantly improving Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale motor scores and reducing the number of off hours per day, with a significantly shorter time to patient-declared onset of relief than placebo. Thus, clinical trial data support the efficacy of intermittent subcutaneous apomorphine as a rapid acute treatment for off episodes in advanced PD. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.