Journal
PARASITOLOGY
Volume 141, Issue 11, Pages 1406-1417Publisher
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1017/S0031182014000262
Keywords
Besnoitia besnoiti; bovine besnoitiosis; Apicomplexa; vaccines; diagnosis; chemotherapy
Categories
Funding
- Swiss National Science Foundation [310030146162]
- Portuguese Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia [PTDC/CVT/65674/2006, PTDC/CVT/71630/2006]
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [PTDC/CVT/65674/2006, PTDC/CVT/71630/2006] Funding Source: FCT
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Bovine besnoitiosis is caused by the largely unexplored apicomplexan parasite Besnoitia besnoiti. In cows, infection during pregnancy often results in abortion, and chronically infected bulls become infertile. Similar to other apicomplexans B. besnoiti has acquired a largely intracellular lifestyle, but its complete life cycle is still unknown, modes of transmission have not been entirely resolved and the definitive host has not been identified. Outbreaks of bovine besnoitiosis in cattle were described in the 1990s in Portugal and Spain, and later several cases were also detected in France. More cases have been reported recently in hitherto unaffected countries, including Italy, Germany, Switzerland, Hungary and Croatia. To date, there is still no effective pharmaceutical compound available for the treatment of besnoitiosis in cattle, and progress in the identification of novel targets for intervention through pharmacological or immunological means is hampered by the lack of molecular data on the genomic and transcriptomic level. In addition, the lack of an appropriate small animal laboratory model, and wide gaps in our knowledge on the host-parasite interplay during the life cycle of this parasite, renders vaccine and drug development a cost- and labour-intensive undertaking.
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