Journal
PARASITE IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 30, Issue 8, Pages 410-416Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2008.01037.x
Keywords
anti-inflammatory cytokine; apoptotic neutrophil; macrophage; phagocytosis; Trichomonas vaginalis
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Neutrophils are the predominant inflammatory cells found in the vaginal discharge of patients with a Trichomonas vaginalis infection. Neutrophils have a shorter life span than other leucocytes. Our previous study indicated that live T. vaginalis alters Mcl-1 expression and caspase-3 activation, thereby inducing apoptosis of human neutrophils. However, it was previously unknown that the apoptotic neutrophils brought about by T. vaginalis can influence vaginal inflammation. Thus, human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDM) were incubated with T. vaginalis-induced apoptotic neutrophils. Cytokine production and phagocytosis by HMDM were evaluated by ELISA and myeloperoxidase stain, respectively. HMDM showed increased anti-inflammatory cytokine production (IL-10) and decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-alpha and IL-6, compared with macrophages alone. Therefore, these results suggest that apoptotic neutrophils caused by T. vaginalis may lead to the resolution of vaginal inflammation by anti-inflammatory cytokine production in the human macrophages.
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