Influence of Obesity and Other Risk Factors on Survival Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Pancreatic Cancer

Objectives: Established risk factors for the development of pancreatic cancer include tobacco use, family history of pancreatic cancer, personal history of diabetes, and obesity. The impact of risk factors on prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer, particularly obesity, has recently become controversial. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy between 1995 and 2009. Patients were categorized by body mass index (BMI) as normal (18.5-24.9 kg/m(2)), overweight (25-29.9 kg/m(2)), or obese (>= 30 kg/m(2)). Univariate analysis was performed to evaluate the association of obesity and other risk factors on overall survival. Results: Of the 355 patients evaluated, 149 (42.0%) had normal BMI, 131 (36.9%) were overweight, and 75 (21.1%) were obese. Overall survival for normal, overweight, and obese groups was 17.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 14.2-20.8 months), 20.0 months (95% CI, 16.6-23.6 months), and 22.1 months (95% CI, 16.5-36.4 months), respectively (P = 0.58). Hazard ratios for tobacco use, family history of pancreatic cancer, and history of diabetes were 1.07, 1.38, and 0.87, respectively. Conclusions: Obesity and other risk factors have no impact on overall survival in patients with adenocarcinoma after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Further studies investigating the relationship between risk factors and their prognostic significance in patients with pancreatic cancer are warranted.