Journal
PALAEONTOLOGY
Volume 55, Issue -, Pages 1139-1153Publisher
WILEY-BLACKWELL
DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01201.x
Keywords
Carcharocles; Cosmopolitodus; geochronology; Miocene; Isurus; strontium
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Funding
- National Science Foundation [EAR 0418042, 0735554]
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The taxonomic origin of the white shark, Carcharodon, is a highly debated subject. New fossil evidence presented in this study suggests that the genus is derived from the broad-toothed 'mako', Carcharodon (Cosmopolitodus) hastalis, and includes the new species C. hubbelli sp. nov. - a taxon that demonstrates a transition between C. hastalis and Carcharodon carcharias. Specimens from the Pisco Formation clearly demonstrate an evolutionary mosaic of characters of both recent C. carcharias and fossil C. hastalis. Characters diagnostic to C. carcharias include the presence tooth serrations and a symmetrical first upper anterior tooth that is the largest in the tooth row, while those indicative of C. hastalis include a mesially slanted third anterior (intermediate) tooth. We also provide a recalibration of critical fossil horizons within the Pisco Formation, Peru using zircon U-Pb dating and strontium-ratio isotopic analysis. The recalibration of the absolute dates suggests that Carcharodon hubbelli sp. nov. is Late Miocene (6-8 Ma) in age. This research revises and elucidates lamnid shark evolution based on the calibration of the Neogene Pisco Formation.
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