Journal
TOXICON
Volume 101, Issue -, Pages 85-91Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.05.007
Keywords
Karenia papilionacea; Karenia brevis; Brevetoxin; Toxin isolation; HAB; Osmotic stress
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Funding
- U.S. National Science Foundation [IOS 1154734, IOS-1155376]
- State of North Carolina Marbionic US
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Division Of Integrative Organismal Systems [1155376] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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One of the most widely studied organisms responsible for Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) is the marine dinoflagellate Karenia brevis. This organism produces neurotoxic compounds known as brevetoxins. A related dinoflagellate, Karenia papilionacea, has been reported to occasionally co-bloom with K. brevis but has received little attention as a possible toxin producing species. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the toxin profile for K. papilionacea. A toxic fraction was identified using a cell based cytotoxicity assay and the toxin was isolated and identified as the ladder frame polyether brevetoxin-2 (PbTx-2) using mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Toxin production in K. papilionacea increased in response to hypoosmotic stress, as previously observed in K. brevis. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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