Journal
TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Volume 143, Issue 2, Pages 242-255Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu233
Keywords
antioxidants; apoptosis; DNA adducts; inflammation; exposure; environmental; oxidative injury
Categories
Funding
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs [R01AA018869-02, T35ES014559-06, P01AA017103-01, K01 ES017105-01A1, BX000350]
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Acrolein, a highly reactive unsaturated aldehyde, is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant and its potential as a serious environmental health threat is beginning to be recognized. Humans are exposed to acrolein per oral (food and water), respiratory (cigarette smoke, automobile exhaust, and biocide use) and dermal routes, in addition to endogenous generation (metabolism and lipid peroxidation). Acrolein has been suggested to play a role in several disease states including spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and neuro-, hepato-, and nephro-toxicity. On the cellular level, acrolein exposure has diverse toxic effects, including DNA and protein adduction, oxidative stress, mitochondrial disruption, membrane damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and immune dysfunction. This review addresses our current understanding of each pathogenic mechanism of acrolein toxicity, with emphasis on the known and anticipated contribution to clinical disease, and potential therapies.
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