Journal
ORGANIC PROCESS RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Volume 19, Issue 11, Pages 1537-1543Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/op500328f
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Funding
- Merck (New Technologies Review and Licensing Committee)
- Eli Lilly (Small Molecule Design and Development Technology Council)
- Pfizer
- NIH [R01 GM067173, R01 GM100143]
- DOE [DE-FG02-05ER15690]
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Applications of aerobic oxidation methods in pharmaceutical manufacturing are limited in part because mixtures of oxygen gas and organic solvents often create the potential for a flammable atmosphere. To address this issue, limiting oxygen concentration (LOC) values, which define the minimum partial pressure of oxygen that supports a combustible mixture, have been measured for nine commonly used organic solvents at elevated temperatures and pressures. The solvents include acetic acid, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, tert-amyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, methanol, acetonitrile, and toluene. The data obtained from these studies help define safe operating conditions for the use of oxygen with organic solvents.
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