Journal
ORGANIC ELECTRONICS
Volume 12, Issue 11, Pages 1963-1972Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2011.08.011
Keywords
Polymer solar cells; Planar-heterojunction; Surface morphology; Crystallinity; P3HT and PCBM
Funding
- ONR [N00014-11-10328]
- SOLAR Initiative at the NSF [DMR-1035217]
- MRSEC through the Princeton Center for Complex Materials [DMR-0819860]
- Department of Energy [DE-FG02-04ER46165]
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien
- Division Of Materials Research [1035217] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Materials Research
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [819860] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Contrary to polymer solar cells with bulk-heterojunction active layers, devices with planar-heterojunction active layers allow the decoupling of active layer phase separation from constituent crystallization, and their relative influence on device performance. We fabricated planar-heterojunction devices by first processing the electron donor and electron acceptor in isolation; they were subsequently laminated across the donor-acceptor interface to establish electrical contact. Thermal annealing was intentionally avoided after lamination to maintain the pristine charge transfer interface. Lamination thus obviates the need for solvent orthogonality; more importantly, it provides independent process tuning of individual organic semiconductor layers, ultimately allowing control over constituent structural development. We found the short-circuit current density of planar-heterojunction solar cells comprising poly(3-hexyl thiophene), P3HT, and [6,6]-phenyl-C(61)-butyric acid methyl ester, PCBM, as the electron donor and acceptor, respectively, to be generally independent of the annealing history of P3HT. On the contrary, thermal annealing PCBM prior to lamination mainly led to a reduction in short-circuit current density. This deterioration is correlated with the development of preferentially oriented PCBM crystals that hinders electron transport in the vertical direction. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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