Risk and Complication Management in Esophageal Cancer Surgery: A Review of the Literature

Esophagectomy for cancer is a highly complex and demanding two-cavity procedure associated with a considerable morbidity and mortality. There are several controversies with regard to the optimal risk and complication management. Strategies include patient selection, optimization of malnutrition, hospital and surgeon volume, intraoperative anesthesiological and surgical measures, and postoperative management of complications. In this article, we review the literature on these aspects that have an impact on outcomes after esophagectomy.