Journal
THERMOCHIMICA ACTA
Volume 618, Issue -, Pages 48-55Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.tca.2015.09.012
Keywords
Lignin; Epoxy resin; Curing agent; Curing kinetics; Isoconversional model; Thermal stability
Funding
- NSERC/FPInnovations Industrial Research Chair Program in Forest Biorefinery
- Ontario Research Fund-Research Excellence (ORF-RE) from Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation
- FPInnovations
- Arclin USA
- BioIndustrial Innovation Centre
- CENNATEK
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Lignin-based epoxy resins were synthesized by reacting de-polymerized organosolv lignin (DOL) or depolymerized Kraft lignin (DKL) with epichlorohydrin under an alkaline condition in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst. The synthesized lignin-based epoxy resins were cured with 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM, an aromatic amine) and diethylenetriamine (DETA, an aliphatic amine) to generate a 3-dimentional cross-linked structure. The effects of curing agents on the curing process were investigated by non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The dependency of activation energy of the curing reaction on the extent of curing (conversion) was determined in this study by model-free kinetics based on the DSC results. In addition, it was found that the thermal stability of the cured lignin-based epoxy resins was also influenced by the type of curing agents and the types of lignin used in the synthesis of the bio-based epoxy resins. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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