Journal
OPTICS EXPRESS
Volume 19, Issue 6, Pages 5602-5610Publisher
OPTICAL SOC AMER
DOI: 10.1364/OE.19.005602
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Funding
- Lithuanian Science Council [MIP-10344]
- EC [228334]
- Swinburne University of Technology
- Applied Plasmonics laboratory
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We demonstrate capability to structure photo-polymers with sub-wavelength resolution, similar to 200-500 nm, and retrieve three-dimensional (3D) structures using a picosecond laser exposure. This alternative to commonly used ultra-short femtosecond lasers extends accessability of 3D direct write. A popular hybrid sol-gel resist SZ2080 was used for quantitative determination of structuring resolution at 1064 nm and 532 nm wavelengths and for pulses of 8-25 ps duration at the repetition rates of 0.2 - 1 MHz. Systematic study of feature size dependence of 3D suspended nano-rods shows that linear power dependence of photopolymerization on the dose-per-pulse becomes dominant at higher repetition rates (>= 0.5 MHz) while the two-photon nonlinear absorption is still distinguishable at rates lower than 0.2 MHz and shorter pulses (<= 8 ps). Thermal accumulation defines polymerization when cooling time of the focal volume is larger than separation between pulses. Photopolymerization and its scaling mechanisms, quality, and fidelity at tight focusing of fs-, ps-, and cw-laser radiation are revealed and explained. 3D scaffolds for biomedicine and microlenses for optical applications are fabricated by the ps-laser direct write. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America
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