Journal
OPTICS EXPRESS
Volume 19, Issue 22, Pages 21145-21154Publisher
OPTICAL SOC AMER
DOI: 10.1364/OE.19.021145
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Funding
- National Science Council of Taiwan [NSC94-2321-B-010-004-YC, NSC98-2112-010-002, NSC97-2320-B-010-013-MY3]
- Ministry of Education of Taiwan [97QC021]
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Photodynamic therapy (PDT) dosimetry is complex as many factors are involved and varied interdependently. Monitoring the biological consequence of PDT such as cell death is the most direct approach to assess treatment efficacy. In this study, we performed 5-aminolevlinic acid (ALA)-PDT in vitro to induce different cell death modes (i.e., slight cell cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and necrosis) by a fixed fluence rate of 10 mW/cm(2) and varied fluences (1, 2, and 6 J/cm(2)). Time course measurements of cell viability, caspase-3 activity, and DNA fragmentation were conducted to determine the mode of cell death. We demonstrated that NADH fluorescence lifetime together with NADH fluorescence intensity permit us to detect apoptosis and differentiate it from necrosis. This feature will be unique in the use of optimizing apoptosis-favored treatments such as metronomic PDT. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America
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