Journal
OPTICS EXPRESS
Volume 16, Issue 23, Pages 19001-19017Publisher
OPTICAL SOC AMER
DOI: 10.1364/OE.16.019001
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Funding
- Department of Energy [DOE DE-FG02-07ER46405]
- Center for Science and Engineering of Materials
- NSF MRSEC
- Nederlandse organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO)
- National Science Foundation
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We present a theoretical analysis of planar plasmonic waveguides that support propagation of positive and negative index modes. Particular attention is given to the modes sustained by metal-insulator-metal (MIM), insulator-metal-insulator (IMI), and insulator-insulator-metal (IIM) geometries at visible and near-infrared frequencies. We find that all three plasmonic structures are characterized by negative indices over a finite range of visible frequencies, with figures of merit approaching 20. Moreover, using finite-difference time-domain simulations, we demonstrate that visible-wavelength light propagating from free space into these waveguides can exhibit negative refraction. Refractive index and figure-of-merit calculations are presented for Ag/GaP and Ag/Si3N4-based structures with waveguide core dimensions ranging from 5 to 50 nm and excitation wavelengths ranging from 350 nm to 850 nm. Our results provide the design criteria for realization of broadband, visible-frequency negative index materials and transformation-based optical elements for two-dimensional guided waves. These geometries can serve as basic elements of three-dimensional negative-index metamaterials. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America
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