Effectiveness of Nonpharmacologic Treatments for Acute Seasonal Allergic Conjunctivitis

Objective: To investigate whether artificial tears and cold compress alone or in combination provide a treatment benefit and whether they were as effective as or could enhance topical antiallergic medication. Design: Randomized, masked clinical trial. Participants: Eighteen subjects (mean age, 29.5 +/- 11.0 years) allergic to grass pollen. Intervention: Controlled exposure to grass pollen using an environmental chamber to stimulate an ocular allergic reaction followed by application of artificial tears (ATs), 5 minutes of cold compress (CC), ATs combined with CC, or no treatment applied at each separate visit in random order. A subset of 11 subjects also had epinastine hydrochloride (EH) applied alone and combined with CC in random order or instillation of a volumematched saline control. Main Outcome Measures: Bulbar conjunctival hyperemia, ocular surface temperature, and ocular symptoms repeated before and every 10 minutes after treatment for 1 hour. Results: Bulbar conjunctival hyperemia and ocular symptoms decreased and temperature recovered to baseline faster with nonpharmaceutical treatments compared with no treatment (P< 0.05). Artificial tears combined with CC reduced hyperemia more than other treatments (P< 0.05). The treatment effect of EH was enhanced by combining it with a CC (P< 0.001). Cold compress combined with ATs or EH lowered the antigenraised ocular surface temperature to less than the pre-exposure baseline. Artificial tear instillation alone or CC combined with ATs or EH significantly reduced the temperature (P< 0.05). Cold compress combined with ATs or EH had a similar cooling effect (P> 0.05). At all measurement intervals, symptoms were reduced for both EH and EH combined with CC than CC or ATs alone or in combination (P< 0.014). Conclusions: After controlled exposure to grass pollen, CC and AT treatment showed a therapeutic effect on the signs and symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis. A CC enhanced the use of EH alone and was the only treatment to reduce symptoms to baseline within 1 hour of antigenic challenge. Signs of allergic conjunctivitis generally were reduced most by a combination of a CC in combination with ATs or EH. (C) 2014 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.