Risk Factors, Management, and Outcomes of Hemolysis, Elevated Liver Enzymes, and Low Platelets Syndrome and Elevated Liver Enzymes, Low Platelets Syndrome

OBJECTIVE: To describe the risk factors, management and outcomes of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP) and elevated liver enzymes, low platelets (ELLP) syndrome in the United Kingdom. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted using the U. K. Obstetric Surveillance System between June 2011 and May 2012, including 129 women diagnosed with HELLP, 81 diagnosed with ELLP, and 476 control women. RESULTS: Women with HELLP were more likely than those in the control group to be 35+ years old (33% compared with 22%, adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12-3.06), nulliparous (67% compared with 43%, adjusted OR 4.16, 95% CI 2.48-6.98), have had a previous gestational hypertensive disorder (9% compared with 7%, adjusted OR 3.47, 95% CI 1.49-8.09), and have a multiple pregnancy (7% compared with 2%, adjusted OR 4.51, 95% CI 1.45-14.06). Women with ELLP were more likely than those in the control group to be nulliparous (79% compared with 43%, adjusted OR 8.35, 95% CI 3.88-17.95), and have had a previous gestational hypertensive disorder (7% compared with 7%, adjusted OR 4.66, 95% CI 1.37-15.89). Of the women diagnosed antenatally with HELLP or ELLP, 51% (71/138) had planned management of immediate delivery, 43% (60/138) had delivery planned within 48 hours, and 5% (7/138) had planned expectant (conservative) management. No differences were found between women who had delivery planned within 48 hours and those who had planned immediate delivery in terms of the proportion who received blood products (37% compared with 33%, P=.681); were admitted to the intensive care unit (57% compared with 61%, P=.652); experienced severe morbidity (10% compared with 4%, P=.300); or had a neonate with major complications (6% compared with 11%, P=.342). CONCLUSION: A short delay in the delivery of women diagnosed antenatally with HELLP or ELLP syndrome may be considered. However, the rarity of the condition limits study power.