Journal
OBESITY SURGERY
Volume 23, Issue 7, Pages 874-881Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s11695-013-0874-6
Keywords
Obesity; Type 2 diabetes; Waist circumference; Anthropometry; Intra-abdominal fat; Insulin resistance; Sagittal abdominal diameter
Categories
Funding
- National Institute of Health [R03 DK067167, R21 DK 075745, K24 RR023356, DK066204]
- General Clinical Research Center [M01 RR00039]
- Atlanta Clinical and Translational Science Institute [UL1 RR025008]
- Veterans' Association HSRD [SHP 08-144, IIR 07-138]
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In the context of increasing obesity prevalence, the relationship between large visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volumes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is unclear. In a clinical sample of severely obese women (mean body mass index [BMI], 46 kg/m(2)) with fasting normoglycemia (n = 40) or dysglycemia (impaired fasting glucose + diabetes; n = 20), we sought to determine the usefulness of anthropometric correlates of VAT and associations with dysglycemia. VAT volume was estimated using multi-slice computer tomography; anthropometric surrogates included sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), waist circumference (WC) and BMI. Insulin sensitivity (Si), and beta-cell dysfunction, measured by insulin secretion (AIRg) and the disposition index (DI), were determined by frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. Compared to fasting normoglycemic women, individuals with dysglycemia had greater VAT (P < 0.001) and SAD (P = 0.04), but BMI, total adiposity and Si were similar. VAT was inversely associated with AIRg and DI after controlling for ancestry, Si, and total adiposity (standardized beta, -0.32 and -0.34, both P < 0.05). In addition, SAD (beta = 0.41, P = 0.02) was found to be a better estimate of VAT volume than WC (beta = 0.32, P = 0.08) after controlling for covariates. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that VAT volume, followed by SAD, outperformed WC and BMI in identifying dysglycemic participants. Increasing VAT is associated with beta-cell dysfunction and dysglycemia in very obese women. In the presence of severe obesity, SAD is a simple surrogate of VAT, and an indicator of glucose dysregulation.
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