Journal
OBESITY
Volume 21, Issue 11, Pages 2279-2287Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/oby.20456
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Funding
- Academy of Finland
- University of Turku
- Hospital District of Southwest Finland
- Abo Akademi University
- Finnish Medical foundation
- Instrumentarium Science foundation
- Novo Nordisk
- Paulo and Diabetes Research foundation
- Helsinki University Hospital Research Funds
- European Union [278373]
- Swedish Research Council [2009-2590, 2010-3281]
- Sahlgrenska's University Hospital (LUA-ALF)
- Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation
- Soderberg foundation
- Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research through the Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research
- Konung Gustaf V:s och Drottning Victorias Frimurarestiftelse
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Objective: Inactive brown adipose tissue (BAT) may predispose to weight gain. This study was designed to measure metabolism in the BAT of obese humans, and to compare it to that in lean subjects. The impact of weight loss on BAT and the association of detectable BAT with various metabolic characteristics were also assessed. Design and Methods: Using positron emission tomography (PET), cold-and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and blood flow in the BAT of obese and lean humans were quantified. Further, cold-induced glucose uptake was measured in obese subjects before and after a 5-month conventional weight loss. Results: Mean responses in BAT glucose uptake rate to both cold and insulin stimulation were twice as large in lean as in obese subjects. Blood flow in BAT was also lower in obese subjects under cold conditions. The increase in cold-induced BAT glucose uptake rate after weight loss was not statistically significant. Subjects with cold-activated detectable BAT were leaner and had higher whole-body insulin sensitivity than BAT-negative subjects, irrespective of age and gender. Conclusions: The effects of cold and insulin on BAT activity are severely blunted in obesity, and the presence of detectable BAT may contribute to a metabolically healthy status.
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